India currently has an anti-defection law, which forfeits the seats of members of the Indian national parliament who switch parties while in office or vote against the official party line on any legislative bill. However, if at least one-third of a political party’s members switch parties while in office or vote against their party line, the anti-defection law does not apply.

When advocates from disadvantaged communities adopt respectability politics, they advance the view that individuals from their communities should seek to behave in a manner that society deems as “civil,” empathetic, and consistent with the mainstream conception of what it means to be “respectable.”

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance. Its independent member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party. NATO was formed in 1949 to defend its members from a potential invasion by the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II.

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